A number of leadership theories attempt to explain the notion of leadership and the characteristics of a leader. The leadership theories that will be discussed in this article are the following:
- Trait theory of leadership
- Behavioral theory of leadership
- Contingency theory of leadership
- Transformation theory of leadership
- Invitational theory of leadership
- Transactional theory of leadership
The Trait Theory of Leadership
The trait theory of leadership implies that a good leader has a set of characteristics that make an individual a good leader. These innate characteristics include innate personality traits such as charisma, self-confidence and an ability to formulate a clear vision. The trait theory advances the notion that leaders are born and not made.
The Behavioral Theory of Leadership
The behavioral theory of leadership challenges the trait theory by implying that leaders can be trained and that the characteristics of a leader are not innate characteristics. The behavioral theory focuses more on the different types of leadership and on the feedback received to the different styles of leadership.
The Contingency Theory of Leadership
The contingency theory of leadership also challenged the trait theory of leadership by putting forth the notion that different social contexts and circumstances often necessitate different types of leadership and different leadership traits. This premise therefore challenged the fact that a leader has a set of fixed characteristics but rather implied that “what an individual actually does when acting as a leader is in large part dependent upon characteristics of the situation in which he functions.”
The Transformational Theory of Leadership
The transformational theory of leadership focuses on the positive and motivating influence that the leader has on his followers to bring about change. Such a leader motivates followers by communicating a long-term vision that is explained in clear objectives.
The Invitational Theory of Leadership
The invitational theory of leadership considers the notion of shared leadership and authority that is based on collaboration. The scope of the invitational theory is to achieve a more harmonious team and a sense of belonging.
The Transactional Theory of Leadership
The transactional theory of leadership has a more managerial focus where it is assumed that the transactional leader is given the authority to reward and punish his subordinates. The transactional theory has a predominant focus on effectiveness and efficiency and the role of the transactional leader is to monitor progress made vis-a-vis the expected outcome.
List of Works Cited
Hemphill, John K., Situational Factors in Leadership, Columbus: Ohio State University Bureau of Educational Research (1949).
Related Articles on Suite101
Defining the Role of a Manager
Three Classic Leadership Styles
Leadership with Emotional Intelligence
Maureen Cutajar - Maureen is a professional IT project manager, web writer, and eBook formatter with educational background in English literature and ...
Join the Conversation